History of Transsexuals - Time-line
History of Transsexuals - Time-line
1907
Harry Benjamin Meets Magnus Hirschfeld
1910
Magnus Hirschfeld coins the term "transvestite"
1919
Magnus Hirschfeld founds the Institute for Sexology in Berlin, Germany, which becomes the first clinic to serve transgendered people on a regular basis.
1920
Jonathan Gilbert publishes "Homosexuality and Its Treatment" the story of "H", Dr. Alan Hart's 1917 FTM transition
1923
Magnus Hirschfeld coins the term "transsexual"
1931
"Genital Reassignment of Two Male Transvestites", is published by Felix Abraham, M.D.
1932
Harry Benjamin arranges a speaking tour for Magnus Hirschfeld in the United States.
1932
Man Into Woman, the story of Lili Elbe's life, MTF transition, and Sex Reassignment Surgery is published.
1933
The Institute for Sexology is raided, shut down, and its records destroyed by the Nazis. Physicians and researchers involved in the clinic flee Germany. Some, unable to escape, commit suicide in the coming years. Magnus Hirschfeld dies in 1935, an exile in Paris.
1938
Di-Ethyl Stilbesterol (DES) is introduced into chicken feed as a means of increasing meat production. Later the drug is marketed to pregnant women to prevent miscarriage, a claim that was never substantiated. The drug causes serious heath problems in the children whose mother's took the drug while pregnant; endometriosis, cancer, infertility, intersex and possibly transsexuality. (The drug is still available but no longer recommended for pregnant women.)
1941
Premarin®, conjugated estrogen's collected from pregnant mares is first marketed in Canada. Two years later it is marketed in the United States.
1949
Harry Benjamin begins to treat transsexuals in San Francisco and New York with hormones.
1952
Christine Jorgensen is "outed" in the American press. She begins a life long effort to educate the public about transsexual people.
1966
Harry Benjamin publishes The Transsexual Phenomenon..
1968
Olympic Committee begins chromosome testing of female athletes, effectively banning transsexuals and some inter-sexed individuals (some of whom were fertile as female, with children) from competition.
1968
Universities begin opening clinics for treating transsexuals; First surgeries performed on non-inter-sexed transsexuals.
1969
Sylvia Rivera throws a bottle at cops harassing queers at a local bar... The Stonewall Riots in New York galvanize the Gay & Lesbian community... Transgender people are in the heart of the riot and the organizing that followed.
1970
Angela Douglas attends the Peace and Freedom Party as an openly transsexual delegate, successfully introduces pro-transsexual rights platform.
1970
April Corbet's (neé Ashley) marriage is annulled and declared to be legally still a man in spite of a legal sex reassignment, leaving United Kingdom post-operative transsexuals in legal limbo, unable to marry as either sex.
1973
Liv Elliott, aka: "Mustang Sally," becomes vice-president of the Daughters of Bilitis. Soon after, she is 'outed' as transsexual and hounded out of the organization by trans-phobic lesbian separatists.
1973
New York Trans-Activist Silvia Rivera is followed at a Gay Pride Rally by Jean O'Leary who denounces transgendered people as female impersonators profiting from derision and oppression of women.
1974
Jan Morris publishes Conundrum
1976
Renee Richards is 'outed' and barred from competition when she attempts to enter a women's tennis tournament. Her subsequent legal battle establishes that transsexuals are fully, legally, recognized in their new identity after sex reassignment, in the United States.
1976
Jonathan Ned Katz publishes the connection between Gilbert's "H" and Alan Hart. He also incorrectly characterizes Dr. Hart as a "lesbian," effectively stealing transgender history.
1977
Sandy Stone is 'outed' while working for Olivia Records as a recording engineer. Lesbian separatists threaten a boycott of Olivia products and concerts, forcing the record company to ask for Stone's resignation. Angela Douglas writes a satirical letter to Sister as a protest of the trans-phobia in the lesbian community in general and the virulent attacks on Sandy Stone in particular.
1979
Janice Raymond publishes The Transsexual Empire, a semi-scholarly trans-phobic attack. In the book she cites Douglas' Sister letter out of context as an example of transsexual misogyny and casts Sandy Stone's involvement in Olivia Records as "divisive" and "patriarchal."
1980
Joanna Clark organizes the ACLU Transsexual Rights Committee.
1980
Paul Walker organizes the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association to promote standards of care of transsexual and transgendered clients.
1989
Billy Tipton, a minor, but well respected, jazz musician, dies and is discovered to be female... after presenting as a man since 1933.
1992
Jean Burkholter is ejected from the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival by trans-phobic festival organizers.
1993
Cheryl Chase founds Inter-sex Society of North America (ISNA)
1993
"March On Washington" organizers include bisexuals but refuse to include Trans-Gender in the name of the march, angering TG activists that had worked for months to get inclusion
1993
"Camp Trans" is pitched outside of the entrance gate to the Michigan Women's Music Festival to protest the Festival's newly publicized "Womyn-Born-Womyn Only" anti-transsexual policy. "Camp Trans" is pitched for three years running.
1993
Trans-Activists working for many years with Gay and Lesbian activists, successfully pass an anti-discrimination law in the State of Minnesota protecting transsexual and transgendered people along with Gays and Lesbians.
1994
Transgender activists protest exclusion from Stonewall 25 celebrations and the Gay Games in New York City. The Gay Games rescinds rules that require "documented completion of sex change" before allowing transgendered individuals to compete.
1994
Several cities on the west coast of the U.S. pass anti-discrimination statutes protecting transsexual and transgendered people.
1995
Transsexual activists protest the stealing of TS/TG History by the Gay & Lesbian community. Efforts by the Ad Hoc Committee to Recognize Alan Hart successfully pressure Oregon's Right to Privacy (RTP, now known as "Right to Pride") political action committee to cease using Alan Hart's old name as an award given out to Gay & Lesbian rights activists.
1996
JoAnna McNamara of It's Time Oregon successfully convinces Oregon's Bureau of Labor and Industry (BOLI) that transsexuals are protected under existing Oregon labor law dealing with discrimination of people with disabilities and medical conditions. This made Oregon the third state to extend employment protection to transgendered people, following Minnesota and Nebraska.
1998
Transgender activists protest exclusion from the Gay Games in Amsterdam. The Gay Games reinstates rules that require "documented completion of sex change or two years of hormones" before allowing transgendered individuals to compete. Loren Cameron, FTM trans-man, expected to compete, drops out of competition in protest. However, European singer and transsexual, Dana International performs at the Games' festivities.
1998
Japan allows first legal Sex Reassignment Surgery to be performed on a FTM.
1999
"Camp Trans" is revived to protest at the the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival. Post-op MTF transsexuals are allowed to attend the festival, but confrontations with trans-phobic lesbian separatists occur.
1999
In a Texas court, In Littleton vs. Prang, Christine Littleton, a post-op MTF transsexual loses her case against the doctor who she contended negligently allowed her husband to die, when the doctors' defense lawyers argue that she was never married to her late husband since her Texas birth certificate, though now amended to read female, originally read male, and thus could not be the widow as the law does not allow "same sex marriage." Her appeal to a higher court fell on bigoted ears, she was declared to be still male in spite of having taken all of the proper medical and legal steps. Thus, transsexual citizens of the United States joined those of the United Kingdom in finding that their legal status is in legal limbo.
Sun Jun 25, 2006 1:53 pm
Harry Benjamin Meets Magnus Hirschfeld
1910
Magnus Hirschfeld coins the term "transvestite"
1919
Magnus Hirschfeld founds the Institute for Sexology in Berlin, Germany, which becomes the first clinic to serve transgendered people on a regular basis.
1920
Jonathan Gilbert publishes "Homosexuality and Its Treatment" the story of "H", Dr. Alan Hart's 1917 FTM transition
1923
Magnus Hirschfeld coins the term "transsexual"
1931
"Genital Reassignment of Two Male Transvestites", is published by Felix Abraham, M.D.
1932
Harry Benjamin arranges a speaking tour for Magnus Hirschfeld in the United States.
1932
Man Into Woman, the story of Lili Elbe's life, MTF transition, and Sex Reassignment Surgery is published.
1933
The Institute for Sexology is raided, shut down, and its records destroyed by the Nazis. Physicians and researchers involved in the clinic flee Germany. Some, unable to escape, commit suicide in the coming years. Magnus Hirschfeld dies in 1935, an exile in Paris.
1938
Di-Ethyl Stilbesterol (DES) is introduced into chicken feed as a means of increasing meat production. Later the drug is marketed to pregnant women to prevent miscarriage, a claim that was never substantiated. The drug causes serious heath problems in the children whose mother's took the drug while pregnant; endometriosis, cancer, infertility, intersex and possibly transsexuality. (The drug is still available but no longer recommended for pregnant women.)
1941
Premarin®, conjugated estrogen's collected from pregnant mares is first marketed in Canada. Two years later it is marketed in the United States.
1949
Harry Benjamin begins to treat transsexuals in San Francisco and New York with hormones.
1952
Christine Jorgensen is "outed" in the American press. She begins a life long effort to educate the public about transsexual people.
1966
Harry Benjamin publishes The Transsexual Phenomenon..
1968
Olympic Committee begins chromosome testing of female athletes, effectively banning transsexuals and some inter-sexed individuals (some of whom were fertile as female, with children) from competition.
1968
Universities begin opening clinics for treating transsexuals; First surgeries performed on non-inter-sexed transsexuals.
1969
Sylvia Rivera throws a bottle at cops harassing queers at a local bar... The Stonewall Riots in New York galvanize the Gay & Lesbian community... Transgender people are in the heart of the riot and the organizing that followed.
1970
Angela Douglas attends the Peace and Freedom Party as an openly transsexual delegate, successfully introduces pro-transsexual rights platform.
1970
April Corbet's (neé Ashley) marriage is annulled and declared to be legally still a man in spite of a legal sex reassignment, leaving United Kingdom post-operative transsexuals in legal limbo, unable to marry as either sex.
1973
Liv Elliott, aka: "Mustang Sally," becomes vice-president of the Daughters of Bilitis. Soon after, she is 'outed' as transsexual and hounded out of the organization by trans-phobic lesbian separatists.
1973
New York Trans-Activist Silvia Rivera is followed at a Gay Pride Rally by Jean O'Leary who denounces transgendered people as female impersonators profiting from derision and oppression of women.
1974
Jan Morris publishes Conundrum
1976
Renee Richards is 'outed' and barred from competition when she attempts to enter a women's tennis tournament. Her subsequent legal battle establishes that transsexuals are fully, legally, recognized in their new identity after sex reassignment, in the United States.
1976
Jonathan Ned Katz publishes the connection between Gilbert's "H" and Alan Hart. He also incorrectly characterizes Dr. Hart as a "lesbian," effectively stealing transgender history.
1977
Sandy Stone is 'outed' while working for Olivia Records as a recording engineer. Lesbian separatists threaten a boycott of Olivia products and concerts, forcing the record company to ask for Stone's resignation. Angela Douglas writes a satirical letter to Sister as a protest of the trans-phobia in the lesbian community in general and the virulent attacks on Sandy Stone in particular.
1979
Janice Raymond publishes The Transsexual Empire, a semi-scholarly trans-phobic attack. In the book she cites Douglas' Sister letter out of context as an example of transsexual misogyny and casts Sandy Stone's involvement in Olivia Records as "divisive" and "patriarchal."
1980
Joanna Clark organizes the ACLU Transsexual Rights Committee.
1980
Paul Walker organizes the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association to promote standards of care of transsexual and transgendered clients.
1989
Billy Tipton, a minor, but well respected, jazz musician, dies and is discovered to be female... after presenting as a man since 1933.
1992
Jean Burkholter is ejected from the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival by trans-phobic festival organizers.
1993
Cheryl Chase founds Inter-sex Society of North America (ISNA)
1993
"March On Washington" organizers include bisexuals but refuse to include Trans-Gender in the name of the march, angering TG activists that had worked for months to get inclusion
1993
"Camp Trans" is pitched outside of the entrance gate to the Michigan Women's Music Festival to protest the Festival's newly publicized "Womyn-Born-Womyn Only" anti-transsexual policy. "Camp Trans" is pitched for three years running.
1993
Trans-Activists working for many years with Gay and Lesbian activists, successfully pass an anti-discrimination law in the State of Minnesota protecting transsexual and transgendered people along with Gays and Lesbians.
1994
Transgender activists protest exclusion from Stonewall 25 celebrations and the Gay Games in New York City. The Gay Games rescinds rules that require "documented completion of sex change" before allowing transgendered individuals to compete.
1994
Several cities on the west coast of the U.S. pass anti-discrimination statutes protecting transsexual and transgendered people.
1995
Transsexual activists protest the stealing of TS/TG History by the Gay & Lesbian community. Efforts by the Ad Hoc Committee to Recognize Alan Hart successfully pressure Oregon's Right to Privacy (RTP, now known as "Right to Pride") political action committee to cease using Alan Hart's old name as an award given out to Gay & Lesbian rights activists.
1996
JoAnna McNamara of It's Time Oregon successfully convinces Oregon's Bureau of Labor and Industry (BOLI) that transsexuals are protected under existing Oregon labor law dealing with discrimination of people with disabilities and medical conditions. This made Oregon the third state to extend employment protection to transgendered people, following Minnesota and Nebraska.
1998
Transgender activists protest exclusion from the Gay Games in Amsterdam. The Gay Games reinstates rules that require "documented completion of sex change or two years of hormones" before allowing transgendered individuals to compete. Loren Cameron, FTM trans-man, expected to compete, drops out of competition in protest. However, European singer and transsexual, Dana International performs at the Games' festivities.
1998
Japan allows first legal Sex Reassignment Surgery to be performed on a FTM.
1999
"Camp Trans" is revived to protest at the the Michigan Womyn's Music Festival. Post-op MTF transsexuals are allowed to attend the festival, but confrontations with trans-phobic lesbian separatists occur.
1999
In a Texas court, In Littleton vs. Prang, Christine Littleton, a post-op MTF transsexual loses her case against the doctor who she contended negligently allowed her husband to die, when the doctors' defense lawyers argue that she was never married to her late husband since her Texas birth certificate, though now amended to read female, originally read male, and thus could not be the widow as the law does not allow "same sex marriage." Her appeal to a higher court fell on bigoted ears, she was declared to be still male in spite of having taken all of the proper medical and legal steps. Thus, transsexual citizens of the United States joined those of the United Kingdom in finding that their legal status is in legal limbo.
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